The history of the Ayodhya Mandir
By AKSHAY SHELKE,
in English and Marathi
The history of the Ayodhya Mandir, specifically referring to the contentious Ram Janmabhoomi site, is deeply intertwined with religious, historical, and political narratives. The city of Ayodhya, situated in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, has been a symbol of cultural and religious significance for centuries.
Ancient Roots
Ayodhya, situated on the banks of
the Sarayu River, is considered the birthplace of Lord Ram, the seventh
incarnation of Lord Vishnu according to Hindu beliefs. The ancient city is
mentioned in various Hindu scriptures and revered for its association with the
Ramayana.
Babri Masjid Construction (1528)
The construction of the Babri Masjid
is attributed to the Mughal Emperor Babur, who commissioned its building in
1528. The mosque, named after him, became a prominent religious site.
Idols Placed Inside Babri Masjid
(1949)
In 1949, idols of Lord Ram, along
with the images of Goddess Sita and Lord Lakshman, were found inside the Babri
Masjid. This discovery heightened tensions and led to the closure of the
mosque.
Legal Battle Begins (1950s-1960s)
The legal dispute commenced in the
1950s when the Sunni Waqf Board filed a case claiming ownership of the disputed
site. The case evolved over the years, becoming one of the longest-running
legal battles in India.
Babri Masjid Demolition (December 6,
1992)
On December 6, 1992, a large
gathering of Hindu activists, including leaders of the Bharatiya Janata Party
(BJP) and Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP),and Shiv sena Balasaheb thakre demolished
the Babri Masjid. The event triggered widespread communal riots and resulted in
significant social and political repercussions.
Ayodhya Act (1993)
In response to the Babri Masjid
demolition, the Indian government enacted the “Ayodhya Act” in 1993. The Act
aimed to maintain the status quo and protect the acquired land surrounding the
disputed site.
Formation of Liberhan Commission
(1992–2009)
The Liberhan Commission, established
in 1992, investigated the circumstances leading to the Babri Masjid demolition.
The commission’s report, submitted in 2009, highlighted political and
administrative lapses that contributed to the event.
Supreme Court Intervention (2002)
In 2002, the Supreme Court
intervened and ordered a status quo on the disputed site, preventing any
religious activities. This decision aimed to maintain stability and prevent
further communal tensions.
Allahabad High Court Verdict (2010)
The Allahabad High Court delivered a
landmark verdict in 2010, dividing the disputed land into three parts. This
included one-third for the Sunni Waqf Board, one-third for the Nirmohi Akhara,
and one-third for the party representing the deity, Lord Ram.
Supreme Court Verdict (November 9,
2019)
In a historic judgment in 2019, the
Supreme Court ruled in favor of the construction of a Ram Temple at the
disputed site. The court acknowledged the significance of the site for Hindus
and emphasized the unlawful nature of the Babri Masjid demolition.
Formation of Sri Ram Janmabhoomi
Teerth Kshetra Trust (2020)
In 2020, the Sri Ram Janmabhoomi
Teerth Kshetra Trust was established to oversee the construction of the Ram
Temple. The trust is responsible for managing the entire temple complex.
Bhoomi Pujan (August 5, 2020)
On August 5, 2020, a grand Bhoomi Pujan ceremony took place to mark the formal commencement of the construction of the Ram Temple. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and various religious leaders attended the historic event.
Construction Commences (2020
Onwards)
Architect
The original design of the Ram Temple was prepared by the Sompura family of Ahmedabad in 1988. Sompura has contributed to the design of over 100 temples across the world for at least 15 generations, including the Somnath Temple . The chief architect of the temple was Chandrakant Sompura, assisted by his two sons, Nikhil Sompura and Ashish Sompura, who are also architects. A new design, with some changes from the original, was prepared by Sompura in 2020, according to Hindu texts, Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra . The temple will be 250 feet wide, 380 feet long and 161 feet (49 m) high. Once completed, the temple complex will be the third largest Hindu temple in the world. It is designed in the Gurjara -Chalukya style of Nagara style architecture , a type of Hindu temple architecture found primarily in northern India. A model of the proposed temple was displayed during the Prayag Kumbh Mela in 2019. The main structure of the temple will be built on a three-storey high platform. There will be five pavilions in the middle of the sanctum sanctorum and at the entrance . Three mandaps on one side will be for Kudu, dance and colour, and two mandaps on the other side will be for kirtan and prayer . In Nagara style the pavilions are decorated with shikharas.
The building will have a total of
366 columns. The pillars will each have 16 idols including incarnations of
Shiva , 10 Dashavatara , 64 Chausath Yoginis and 12 incarnations of Goddess Saraswati
. The width of the stairs will be 16 feet (4.9 m). As per the design of temples
dedicated to Vishnu , the sanctum sanctorum will be octagonal. The temple will
be built on 10 acres (0.040 km 2 ), and 57 acres (0.23 km 2 ) of land will be
used for a prayer hall, a lecture hall, an educational facility and other
facilities including a museum and a cafeteria. Will be developed in one
complex. According to the temple committee, more than 70,000 people will be
able to visit the site. Larsen & Toubro offered to oversee the design and
construction of the temple free of charge, and became the contractor for the
project. The Central Building Research Institute , National Geophysical
Research Institute and IITs Bombay , Guwahati and Madras are assisting in areas
such as soil testing , concrete and design.
The construction work will be
completed with Rs 600,000 sandstone obtained from Bansi , Rajasthan . There
would be no use of iron in the construction of the temple and ten thousand
copper plates would be required to join the stone blocks. In a culturally
significant move, Thailand is also symbolically contributing to the
inauguration of the Ram temple by sending soil to the Ram Janmabhoomi ,
building on its earlier gesture of sending water from two rivers of Thailand to
honor the temple.
Construction
Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
started the first phase of construction of Shri Ram Temple in March 2020. However,
the 2020 China–India clashes following the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in India
led to a temporary suspension of construction. During leveling and excavation
of the construction site, a Shivalinga , pillars and broken statues were found.
On 25 March 2020, the idol of Lord Ram was moved to a temporary location in the
presence of Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath .
In preparation for its construction,
Vishwa Hindu Parishad organized a Vijay Mahamantra chanting ritual, in which
people would gather at different locations to chant the Vijay Mahamantra, Shri
Ram, Jai Ram, Jai Jai Ram on 6 April 2020. This was said to ensure
"victory over obstacles" in the construction of the temple.
Larsen & Toubro offered to
oversee the design and construction of the temple pro bono and is the
contractor on the project. The Central Building Research Institute, the
National Institute of Geophysical Research and the Indian Institute of
Technology (e.g. Bombay, Guwahati and Madras) are assisting in areas like soil testing,
concrete and design. Reports emerged that the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) had identified a stream of Saryu that flows beneath the
temple.
The construction work will be
completed with 600 thousand cubic feet of sandstone and Bansi mountain stones
brought from Rajasthan.
Dignity of life
By January 2024, the first floor of the temple including the sanctum sanctorum will be ready. In this , the consecration of the idol of Shri Ram was done on 22 January 2024 at 12:29 pm during the auspicious time period of 90 minutes. In which the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi was the chief guest. Before this , various programs had started from 15th January ( Makar Sankranti ). The Uttar Pradesh government has earmarked Rs 100 crore for Pran Pratistha. School holidays have been declared in many states on 22 January. Narendra Modi has called upon people to light lamps at their homes on January 22. Many well-known actors of the cinema world including Modi and a total of 6000 VVIPs participated in the program.
Ram Temple is an important Hindu
temple currently under construction in Ayodhya , Uttar Pradesh , India . Its
sanctum sanctorum and first floor were ready in January 2024 and on January 22,
2024, the idol in the child form of Shri Ram was consecrated.
This temple is located at the place
which is considered to be the birthplace of Ram, the main deity of Hindu
religion . Earlier, the site housed the Babri Masjid, which was constructed
after demolishing an existing un-Islamic structure, which was later demolished.
In 2019, the Supreme Court of India ruled on the disputed land , stating that
the land belongs to Hindus and a Ram temple can be built on it. Muslims will be
given a separate piece of land to build a mosque. The court cited as evidence a
report by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), which cited evidence
suggesting the presence of a non-Islamic structure beneath the demolished Babri
Mosque.
Bhoomipujan to begin the
construction of Ram temple was performed on 5 August 2020. The temple currently
under construction is being maintained by Shri Ram Janmabhoomi Teerth Kshetra
Trust. The inauguration of the temple is scheduled for 22 January 2024.
Timing of darshan has been fixed : -
After the installation of the new idol, devotees will get the opportunity to enjoy the darshan of both the idols in the Ram temple from today itself. Darshan timings are from 7 am in the morning till 11:30 am in the first shift. After this, the time for the second shift has been fixed from 2 pm to 6:30 pm. If the crowd of devotees increases, the duration of darshan will be extended.
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